The decreasing global population of horseshoe crabs highlights the need for conservation in areas where remaining populations persist. However, a limited understanding of community perceptions and behaviors can hinder the development of effective conservation strategies. Thus, this study measures knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the locals in Pangutaran Island, Sulu Province, Philippines, that can be integrated into future interventions and conservation strategies for horseshoe crabs in the area. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across 357 local coastal residents in three barangays of Pangutaran Island about their ecological knowledge of the horseshoe crabs in their locality, their attitude towards their population and conservation, and their current practices influencing the horseshoe crab population status. Findings showed that while ecological knowledge about the species remained limited (≤ 42%), majority expressed strong positive attitudes toward willingness to support conservation (55%). Active and bycatch capture of horseshoe crabs was reported by only a small proportion of respondents. However, the species continues to be utilized for traditional medicinal, cultural, and consumption purposes. KAP was significantly associated with sociodemographic factors, including occupation, educational attainment, and income (p < 0.001), and among its components. These findings highlight the importance of integrating ecological education with value-based community engagement to strengthen local participation in horseshoe crab conservation in Pangutaran Island.
